Process of increasing the fastness of dyeings



Patented Sept. 27, 1938] PROCESS. OF INCREASING THE FASTNESS OF DYEINGS Paul'Sohlack, Berlin-Treptow, Germany, assignor to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengescllschaft, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, a. corporation of Germany N Drawing. Application January 21, 1936, Serial No. 60,061. In Germany January 25, 1935 4 Claims. '(01. 874) This invention relates to 'a process ofincreasing the fastness' of dyeings of acid dyestuffs upon wool, natural silk, leather, and artificial fibers which contain basic artificial resins or cellulose derivatives. 1

In my co-pending application Ser. No. 53,004 filed Dec. 5, 1935, I have proposed to improve the fastness of dyeings produced by acid dyestuffs on materials which contain, bound to a radical of 10 high molecular weight, basic nitrogen-groups, by the action of an alkylating agent. It has been stated that a particularly strong effect is obtained when the treatment with the alkylating agent occurs in presence of an alkylene oxide or an is analogue thereof. This effect is often, at least in the case of wool, more than additive.

Itis therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved process of increasing the fastness of dyeings of acid dyestuffs on the aforementioned materials. Further objects will become apparent from the detailed specification following hereinafter.

The present invention is based on the observation that very good results are obtained if instead of the previously recommended alkylating agent or mixtures thereof with alkylene oxides one uses exclusively an alkylene oxide, a derivative thereof, or an analogue thereof, or mixtures of these bodies. There may also be used com- 0 pounds which, under the conditions of reaction,

split up with the formation of alkylene oxide or alkylene imine or any combination of such compounds.

A particularly good result is obtained when an alkylene oxide oralkylene imine is used which carries, preferably close to the group having a tendency for the addition, an ester-group still capable of exchange, especially a halogen, so that, after the addition, it is still possible to produce an intramolecular alkylation.

It is particularly advantageous to cause the treating agent, for example, epichlorhydrin, to act in a gaseous medium. In this case all possibility of a bleeding of the dyestufi, for instance, into white or light grounds, or discharge impressions in printed articles, is avoided with certainty. For the treatment of dyed products,

for example, wool, leather, acetate artificial silk which contains basic artificial resin 'or a basic .10 cellulose derivative, the following compounds come into consideration: ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, butadiene dioxide, epichlorhydrin, l-chlor-2.3-'propylene sulfide, diethylaminopropyleneoxide, piperido-propyleneoxide-methoiodide, ethyl-beta chlorethyl-ethylene-iminium chloride, dimethyl-v chlorhydroxypropyl-beta-hydroxy-trimethylene-iminium chloride, ethyl-benzylethyleneiminium chloride, dibenzylethylene'iminium chloride, the product of the action of two molecular proportions of potassium hydroxide on cyclohexyltrichlorhydroxypropylammonium chloride, the spirocyclic diquaternary ammonium chloride fromdichlorhydroxypropylpiperazine or combinations of such bodies, for example, of diethylethyieneiminium' chloride and epichlorhydrin. Also bodies which contain capillary active radicals or condensed nuclei, be-' sides alkylene oxidegroups, may be used, especially in the case of wool. It is possible to improve the fastness of basic dyeings by means 'of sodium propylene oxide sulfonate.

Since the speed of reaction and the depthto which the reaction proceeds'depend on the swollencondition of thematerial, it is advantageous, if aqueous baths and padding solutions are not used, to work with an enhanced relative degree of saturation of moisture in the atmosphere, for

example; with a relative moisture saturation of to Saturated vapor may also be used if the goods treated will tolerate the condensation ofthe moisture.

To increase the effect, the goods may be pretreated with an agent which has a specific swelling effect or enhances the speed of the reaction, for example, formamide, acetamide, thiourea, salicylic acid, salts of phenol-sulfonic acid, sulfocyanides, sodium iodide, lithium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium iodide, or such agent may be added to the treating liquor or impregnating solution. The operation may also be conducted in the presence of a volatile swelling agent, for instance, a tertiary amine, such as pyridine or trimethylamine. In orderto minimize or avoid yellowing and damage to the fibers, the operation may be conducted in the presence of an oxidizing or reducing'bleaching agent or agent for protecting the fiber, for example, a water-soluble, hydroxyalkylated protein substance, a tertiary amino-acid, a condensation product of phenol sulfonic' acid with formaldehyde or another buffer substance. l I

If desired, a pre-treatment with acid, for example, formic acid, lactic acid or tartaric acid, may be applied with advantage, or indeed as a necessity in the case of artificial silk, for example, which contains basic artiflcial resin free from acid groups, or in the case of cotton which is impregnated with such artificial resins. Even working in the presence of carbon dioxide may be useful in such cases. Not all dyestuffs will tolerate the treatment with hydroxyalkylating agents without change. However, in the majority of cases, the change in the shade and in the depth No. .189) is hardly changedby an eight hour 80 C. A considerable improvement of treatment with epichlorhydrin at 75% relative moisture saturation of the air. The same is true with respect to Alizarine Direct Blue A (Schultz, l 'arbstofftabeller'i, 7th ed.,- suppl. vol., Pa e 62). Azofuchsine G and Orange I (Schultz, Farbstofi'- tabellen, 7th ed. Vol. I, No. 190 and No. 185, respectively) on the other hand, are changed in shade under thesame conditions. In the presence of weak acids the change in the dyeings prepared from Orange I can vbe'avoided. It may be stated that the fastness of the dyeings may be still further improved by after-steaming, if desired in the presence of some acid.

The following examples illustrate the invention:

Example 1.l00 grams of wool, dyed with 3 'per cent of 'Alizarine Direct Blue A, are treated for 8 hours, while subjecting to rhythmical oscillations of pressure of about -100 mm. of water column, with 15 parts of epichlorhydrin in 10 with a dyeingof Alizarine Cyanine Green .G.

Example 2.--In stead of epichlorhydrin, used in Example 1 'a corresponding quantity of propylene oxide is used. In this case also the improvement in fastness,particularly in fastness to water, is considerable, although not so thorough. v

Example 3F-Wool dyed with Orange II is impregnated with a solution of 5 per cent strength of thediquaternary trimethylene-iminium salt of dichlorhydroxypropylpiperazine. The slightly dried material is rolled up and heated for .14 hours in air of 75 per cent relative humidity at fastness to washing is obtained.

Example 4.Wool which has been dyed formic acid solution with 3 per cent of Amidonaphthol Red BB (Schultz Farbstofltabellen, 7th edition, Vol. I, page 58) is treated with 12 per cent oi. epichlorhydrin for 10 hours in a vessel of 25 parts of volume containing an atmosphere with '92 per cent of relative humidity heated at 50C. The practically unchanged dyeing has become completely fast to water and is scarcely weakened when washing with soap-and soda at 80 according tothe prescriptions of the Fastness Commission." .White material is not soiled.

, Similar strong improvements are obtained when dy ing in dyes:

an acid medium with the following considerably improved. 1

Example 8.Wool dyed with Amido Naphthoi Flavazin S (Schultz Farbst; Tab. 7th ed'. Vol.1

No. 735) Victoria Scarlet 3 R (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th ed. suppl. vol. p. 143) Radio Red VB (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th ed.

suppl. vol. p. 122) Supranol Brilliant Red 3 B (Schultz Farbst. Tab.

7th ed. suppl. vol. p. 136) A20 Wool Violet 7 R (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th

ed. suppl. vol. p. 70)

Sulfonic Acid Blue'R (Schultz Farbst.

ed. Vol. I No. 247) Amido Blue GGR (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th ed.

suppl. vol. p.

Naphthazine Green V (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th

ed. Vol. I No. 777).

Example 5. Wocl-felt dyed with 3 per cent of Anthralane Red G (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th ed. suppl. vol. p. 68) is heated for 15 hours at 50 Tab. 7th

with 20 per cent of epichlorhydrin in a vessel of 50 parts by volume containing an aimosphere of '75 per cent of relative humidity The treated felt shows now a very good fastness to water.

Also when washing with soap and soda-pat 50 C. according to the prescriptions of the Fastness Commission the dyeingand white materialwashed together with the dyed felt remain unchanged. The non-after-treated felt bleeds strongly into the bath and soils white wool considerably.

stufl on hair-felt isconsiderably improved by this treatment. The coloring becomes practically fastto water and behaves in soaping at 50 similar to the weaker dyeing on wool-felt.

Example 6.Zeph'ir yarn which is dyed to a deep shade of Bordeau by 0.5 per cent of lialatine Fast Blue RRN (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th ed. suppl. vol. page 116) 5 per cent 'of Palatine Fast Bordeau BN (Schultz Farbst. Tab.. -7th ed. suppl. vol.

page 117) ,30 Also a 9 per cent dyeing with the same dye-' 2 per cent of. Palatine Fast Rose BN (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th ed. suppl. vol. page 118) 2.5 per cent of Palatine Fast Orange GEN .(Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th' ed. suppl. vol.

page 118) is heated at 60 for 15 hours with 20 per cent of epichlorhydrin at 90 per cent of relative humidity. The dyeing is now fast to water, whereas before the treatment white material is rather strongly soiled.

Example 7.A woollen sheet which is dyed with 7 per cent of Amldo Black A2G (Schultz Farbst. Tab. 7th ed. suppl. vol. page 66) is heated for 15 hours at.50 with 15 per cent of epichlorhydrin in a vessel of 25 parts of volume containing an atmosphereof 90 per cent of relative humidity. The fa'stness to water and sweat is Red BB is impregnated with a 10 per cent solution of thiourea and is treated with a mixture tate is heated with'15 percent of butadiene dioxidefor 14 hours at 50 C. in a closed vessel of 25 parts of volume. The fastness of the dyeing to water and washing is considerably improved.

What I claim is:

1. A process of increasing the fastness of dye- I ings of acid dyestuffs upon wool, natural silk,-.

leather, artificial fibers'which contain basic artificial resin, artificial fibers which contain basic cellulose derivatives, which comprises alkylat-' the dyed material with an evaporated alkylene oxide in an atmosphere of high relative moisture.

3. A process of increasing the fastness of dyeings of acid dyestufis upon wool, natural silk,

leather, artificial fibers which contain basic arti ficial resin, artificial fiberswhich contain basic cellulose derivatives, which comprises'alkylating the dyed material with a compound selected from the group consisting of alkylene oxides, alkylene imines, alkylene sulfides and'quatemary alkyle'ne imines in the presence of a butler substance.

4. A process of increasing the fastness of dyeings of acid dyestuffs upon wool, natural silk, leather, artificial fibers which contain basic artificial resin, artificial fibers which contain basic cellulose derivatives, which comprises alkylating the dyed material with epichlorhydrin.

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